AIR FORCE BOARD FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
IN THE MATTER OF:
DOCKET NUMBER: 96- 02926
COUNSEL :
HEARING DESIRED: YES
APPLICANT REQUESTS THAT:
His nonselections for promotion to colonel be set aside.
He be reinstated to active duty retroactive to 30 September 1993,
the day before his retirement date, with restoration of back pay
and benefits.
APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT:
The CY91 Colonel Board and the CY93 Lieutenant Colonel Selective
Early Retirement Board (SERB) were conducted in violation of
governing statutes, directives and instructions. His selection
for early retirement should not have occurred.
His selection for selective early retirement was illegal because
his nonselection for promotion that made him eligible for the
SERB was illegal.
In support of his request, applicant submits a 15-page Brief by
counsel, with additional documents associated with the issues
cited in his contentions (Exhibit A).
STATEMENT OF FACTS:
On 7 June 1970, the applicant was appointed a second lieutenant,
Reserve of the Air Force, and was voluntarily ordered to extended
active duty on 15 October 1970. He was integrated into the
Regular Air Force on 9 August 1978 and was progressively promoted
to the grade of lieutenant colonel, effective and with a date of
rank of 1 March 1987.
Applicant was considered and nonselected for promotion to the
grade of colonel by the CY 1991B (9 September 1991) and CY 1992A
(6 July 1992) Central Colonel Boards. As a result of not being
promoted by the colonel boards, applicant was considered and not
selected for early retirement by the CY 1993 Lieutenant Colonel
Selective Early Retirement Board (SERB), which convened on
20 January 1993.
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The following is a resume of applicant's OPR ratings subsequent
to his promotion to the grade of lieutenant colonel:
Evaluation
#
# #
_ I
1-1-1
1-1-1
MS
MS
MS
Meets Standards (MS)
Period Endinq
5 May 87
5 Apr
88
5 Apr
89
5 Apr
90
5 Apr
91
92
5 Apr
time he was considered and nonselected for
at the
by the CY91B Central Colonel Board, which
colonel
September 1991.
# Top report
promotion to
convened on 9
# # Top report at the time he was co-nsidered and nonselected for
promotion to colonel by the CY92A Central Colonel Board, which
convened on 6 July 1992.
On 30 September 1993, the applicant was relieved from active duty
and retired effective 1 October 1993 in the grade of lieutenant
colonel, under the provisions of AFR 35-7 (voluntary retirement
for years of service established by law). He served a total of
22 years, 11 months and 16 days of active service for retirement
and 23 years, 3 months and 24 days of service for basic pay.
f
AIR FORCE EVALUATION :
The Directorate of Personnel Program Management, HQ AFMPC/DPPB,
reviewed this application and stated that they disagree with
counsel's contention that the applicant's selection boards were
in violation of Sections 616 and 617, 10 U . S . C .
DPPB indicated
that Air Force legal representatives have reviewed their
procedures on several occasions during the past few years and
have determined those procedures comply with applicable statutes
and policy.
As to counsel's attempt to discredit the scoring scale used by
the Air Force, DPPB indicated that the scoring scale is from 6 to
10 in half point increments. Board members are briefed to try to
apply a 7.5 score to an "average" record and to try to use the
entire scoring range throughout the evaluation process.
Recognizing that the scoring of records is a subjective process,
individuals may have a slightly different definition of what
constitutes an "average" record. DPPB stated that as long as
each board member applies their individual standard consistently
throughout the scoring process, each consideree will get a fair
and equitable evaluation.
With regard to counsel's assertion that the post-board action of
preparing an alpha select list of the board's recommendations
constitutes some illegal action and voids the entire board, DPPB
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96-0292 6
stated that the alpha select list is merely a recapitulation of
the selects off of the board's orders of merit in alpha sequence
vice numerical sequence.
DPPB noted that counsel implied that another post-board
function-preparing the final board report for presentation to the
approving authority - was the reason applicant was not selected
for promotion. DPPB stated that DoD Directive 1320.09 directed
separate promotion boards be conducted and also authorized
conducting those separate boards concurrently. The directive
also authorized consolidating the results of the boards into a
single package for presentation to the approving authority. DPPB
indicated that this has been done for many years without
challenge or objection by Air Force legal representatives. Title
Section 621, states that officers in the same
10, U . S . C . ,
competitive category shall compete among themselves for
promotion. DPPB stated that is exactly what happens on Air Force
promotion boards. The applicant competed only against other line
officers.
4
DPPB disagrees with counsel's contention that the board
president's role violates DoDD restrictions. DPPB stated that
the actions/responsibilities of each board president are in
compliance with applicable directives and policy.
DPPB indicated that counsel's statements concerning Air Force
SERBS employing the panel concept in which the majority of the
records of the SERB candidates were considered by only one panel
are incorrect or misleading. DPPB stated that when more than one
panel scored a competitive category on a SERB, each panel had an
equal share of the records, L e . , if there were two panels, then
each would have approximately 50 percent. The Air Force concedes
that one panel may have as much as 51 percent and the other panel
have as little as 4 9 percent since one of the two panels has to
be the recipient of the last block of 20 records. It that is
what counsel means when he states !'the majority of the records of
the SERB candidates were considered by only one panel," then DPPB
poses no objection. DPPB indicated that counsel's statement "The
board only reviewed those few records at the cut-off point" is
incorrect. The quota f o r the SERB in question was 30 percent of
the eligibles. After panel 1 scored their half of the records
and an order of merit was finalized, the bottom 40 percent of
that order of merit was moved to panel 2 for their scoring.
Likewise, the bottom 40 percent of panel 2 was moved to panel 1
for their scoring. The end result was an order of merit by all
board members for the bottom 40 percent. The quota was then
applied against that order of merit and the individuals selected
for retirement were identified. The conversion from a numerical
order of merit to an alpha select list was completed post-board,
just like a promotion board.
DPPB indicated that counsel is incorrect in his assertion that
!!the illegal process used at original promotion boards did not
allow board members to form the required consensus to take away
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9 6 - 0 2 9 2 6
.
the BPZ promotions from the I/APZ quota." After the BPZ order of
merit was finalized, the record of the lowest possible BPZ select
was reviewed by every board member that scored the line
competitive category. The BPZ record was compared to the number
one I/APZ nonselect of each panel to determine if the quality of
the BPZ record was better than that of the number one 1 I/APZ
The promotion boards in question found the BPZ
nonselects.
record better each time and the full BPZ quota was used.
Therefore, counsel's claim that the SSB process is faulty because
the central boards were illegal is without merit.
A complete copy of this evaluation is appended at Exhibit C.
The Staff Judge Advocate, HQ AFPC/JA, reviewed this application
and recommended the application be denied.
JA stated that
counsel argues that promotion board panels do not act as the
single "board" required by 10 U.SrC., 611(a), and that they
instead operate independently of one another, thereby rendering
as impossible the promotion recommendation by Ira majority of the
members of the board" mandated by 10 U.S.C. 616 or the resulting
certification required by 10 U.S.C. 617. As noted previously,
there is no provision of law that specifically requires each
member of a promotion board to personally review and score the
record of each officer being considered by the board. The House
Armed Services Committee Report (97-141) that accompanied the
Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) Technical
Corrections Act (P.L. 97-22) specifically references panels as a
type of administrative subdivision of selection boards.
Consequently, it is clear that at the time DOPMA was enacted,
Congress was certainly aware of the existence of promotion board
panels and expressed no problem with them. JA indicated that, in
essence, a majority of the board must recommend an officer for
promotion and each member is required to certify that the
corporate board has considered each record, and that the board
members, in their opinion, have recommended those officers who
"are best qualified for promotion.'I The members are not required
to reach this point through an individual examination of every
record, although they may do so. Rather, based on their overall
participation in the board's deliberations, and the fact that the
process involves the random assignment of officer selection
records to panels to achieve relatively equal quality and
procedures to insure that the quality of the records of those
officers recommended for selection among the panels is
essentially identical, the members are in a position to honestly
certify that the process in which they participated properly
identified, based on the record before them, those officers who
were best qualified for promotion. In JA's opinion, that is
enough to assure compliance with all the statutory requirements.
Notwithstanding the opinion cited by applicant in Roane v. U.S.,
another judge from the United States Court of Federal Claims has
held contra, determining that the Air Force's promotion system
fully complies with the law (see Small v. U.S.).
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9 6 - 0 2 9 2 6
JA provided the relevant portion of the DoD Directive 1320.9
(later DoDD 1320.12) concerning counsel's allegation that the Air
Force violated DoD Directive 1320.09 by convening panels and not
separate promotion boards to consider the various competitive
categories.
JA indicated that counsel argues that the Air Force promotion ,
board was illegal because the Air Force convened a single board
consisting of panels rather than convening separate boards as
required by the DoD Directive. In JA's opinion, this argument is
-,without merit.
It is clear that the directive's purpose in
requiring separate boards for each competitive category is to
ensure that these officers compete only against others in the
same competitive category--to assure fairness and compliance with
Title 10, Chapter 36. JA stated that the Air Force's competitive
category "panels , which are convened concurrently as permitted
by the Directive, fully accomplish -this stated purpose; L e . ,
members of each competitive category compete within their
respective "panel only against other officers of that same
category.
JA disagrees with counsel's assertions that the board president's
duties violate DoD Directive 1320.12. JA stated that the duties
prescribed for board presidents by Air Force directives do
require the president to perform several critical duties relative
to board scoring. Those duties do not, however, in any manner,
constrain the board from recommending for promotion the best
qualified among the fully qualified officers being considered.
Counsel has offered no proof that the president of this or any
Air Force selection board has ever acted contrary to law or
regulation. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the
board president and other members of the board are entitled to
the presumption that they carried out their duties and
responsibilities properly and according to law.
JA indicated that counsel claims the SERB that selected the
applicant was "illegal. I'
JA stated that counsel is incorrect in
his statement that "SERBS are conduced using the same selection
boards as promotion boards (10 U . S . C . 611)." SERBS are conducted
under 10 U. S : C 611 (b) , whereas promotion boards are governed by
10 U. S. C . 611 (a) .
Consequently, counsel ' s arguments concerning
violations of Sections 616 and 617 of Title 10 are inapplicable,
as they apply only to 10. U.S.C. 611(a) promotion boards.
Counsel also contends that the SERB consisted of two panels that
operated autonomously, thereby precluding compliance with the
statutory requirement for action by !'the board" as a whole. JA
stated that this argument is both factually and analytically
wrong.
Counsel is wrong that the two SERB panels acted
autonomously. As verified by DPPB, the procedure used in the
SERB included a swap between the two panels of the records of
those officers preliminarily identified for selection.
This
process insured that all board members were in agreement that
those officers selected for early retirement were the correct
ones according to the law and the Secretary's instructions.
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9 6 - 0 2 9 2 6
_ ,
As to the contention that a Special Selection Board (SSB) would
first require applicant's reinstatement to active duty, citing
Doyle v. United States, 599 F.2d 984 (1979) and DoD Directive
1320.11. JA stated that Doyle is inapplicable, as it predates
the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) and the
statutorily prescribed remedy provided by DOPMA -- the SSB.
Further, in JA's opinion, an officer, who has been separated or '
retired, can be afforded SSB consideration without placing the
officer back on the active duty list. Such authority is clearly
.provided the Secretary of the Air Force under Section 628 of
'Title 10, U.S.C. This conclusion is firmly supported by the
legislative history of the section, H.R. Rep No. 1462, 96th
Congress, 2d Session (1980). In the context of the statutory
scheme, the term llofficerll applies to the status of the
individual at the time of the original promotion consideration
when the error or injustice occurred. JA indicated that the
status of the individual at the time of the SSB does not govern,
but rather, the status at the time of the error which led to the
improper consideration at the original promotion board---when, of
necessity, the individual would have been on active duty. JA
stated that the Secretary of the Air Force clearly has the
independent statutory authority pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 8013 to
convene an SSB to consider an officer who is not currently on the
active duty list.
JA indicated that DoDD 1320.11 does not
prohibit the use of S S B s to consider separated officers who were
on the -active duty list at the time they were originally
considered for promotion.
In summary, JA stated that the applicant has failed to present
relevant evidence proving the existence of any error or injustice
prejudicial to his substantial rights with respect to his
promotion nonselection or his selection for early retirement by
the SERB. Consequently, JA recommended that the application be
denied.
A complete copy of this evaluation is appended at Exhibit D.
APPLICANT'S REVIEW OF AIR FORCE EVALUATION:
Counsel reviewed the advisory opinions and indicated that the
main problem with the advisory opinions is their utter lack of
supporting evidence. Counsel stated that during the course of
litigation in Roane v. United States, 36 Fed. Cl. 168 (1996), the
Air Force represented that no documentation of Air Force
promotion board procedures existed, and that some (particularly
that pertaining to the Projected Order of Merit [POM]) had been
destroyed. In AFBCMR Docket No. 91-01524, the applicant, Major
L. W. N---, had alleged that promotion board members were totally
ignorant of the POM and the role it played in the promotion
process.
An AFMPC advisory opinion represented just the
opposite, deriding Major N---'s
Absent any
documentary evidence of promotion board procedures, Major N---
allegations.
6
96-02926
Counsel ,
was unable to challenge the accuracy of the advisory opinion and
the AFBCMR accepted the advisory opinions' representations as
true in denying relief.
In the federal court litigation of
another related case, however, the applicant was able to depose
Brigadier General H. J. I---, Chief of the Promotion Secretariat,
at the relevant time. Gen I--- confirmed that Major N--- had
been right all along about the secrecy of the POM.
stated that the author of the DPPB advisory opinion in this case
confirms the same lack of evidence of SERB procedures. The
!'essence of those procedures/' as represented in the advisory
Jopinion, has obviously come from somewhere. But no documentation
exists and there is no suggestion that the advisory opinion
author is testifying from his own personal knowledge of the SERB
procedures that were used nine years ago.
Under these
circumstances, the advisory opinion can amount to no more than
either a summarization of what someone else told the author or
the author's own idle speculation. -
Counsel stated that the advisory opinions do not dispute that 10
U.S.C. Sections 616 and 617 require consensus among 'la majority
of the members of the board" about the officers to be recommended
for promotion. Nor do they dispute that the records of eligible
officers were divided among a number of autonomous panels for
their independent review and that each panel "recommended1'
officers from among those that were distributed to it, without
any record being considered by Ita majority of the members of the
board.
The advisory opinions maintain, however, that majority
consensus is reached after-the-fact when the members I1certify1'
the board report on the basis of their lloverall participation in
the board's deliberations" rather than on their actual
consideration of the recommended officers' records.
Counsel
indicated that promotion board members do not know the "material
facts" because they are never told which officers are being
recommended. Nor can they act on the basis of their lloverall
participation in the board's deliberations11 because they are kept
intentionally unaware of the POM and the role it placed in those
officers being so identified. The members' unknowing signature
of a blank piece of paper cannot retroactively satisfy the
requirements of 10 U.S.C. Sections 616 and 617 that officers be
found "fully qualifiedf1 and recommended as "best qualified" by
majority of the members of the board."
Counsel stated that nothing in DPPB's explanation of the scoring
process will change the mathematical reality that that process
precludes the majority "consensuses" demanded by Section 616 and
617. Because there is no majority consensus regarding how the
candidates are ranked on the OOM, a vote to determine whether the
highest-scoring nonselect candidate is "fully qualified" does not
translate into a majority consensus that every candidate ranked
higher on the OOM is also "fully qualified."
Counsel stated that neither advisory opinion addressed the
applicant's claim that the Air Force promotion process violates
the requirement that eligible officers receive centralized
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96-02926
review.
Counsel indicated that Air Force line officers are
considered by one of a number of autonomous panels, with no
centralization in the process and their fate often depending on
DoDD 1320.9
which panel happened to review their record.
requires each separate promotion board, even if all were held
concurrently, to submit a separate report that is signed and
certified by the members of t h a t board. Counsel stated this does
not happen in the Air Force. Members of both line and nonline
boards sign a singular board record, purporting to certify
officers in various competitive categories who few played any
role in "recommending." As a result, DoD, the President, the
-'United States Senate, and others who rely on board reports are
given a false impression about the size of the board, its
composition, and the reliability of the recommendations
purportedly being made.
As to the SERB procedures, Counsel directed attention to the lack
of any support that both panels considered the records of those
officers who were recommended for early retirement.
Counsel
stated even accepting that representation as true, it confirms
the applicant's claim that the SERB was conducted in violation of
the Secretary's written instructions on the subject. According
to the advisory opinions' description of the process, the only
consensus reached by "a majority of the members of the board"
pertained to the members who were recommended for separation.
Counsel indicated that the SERB approached its task backwards.
Even if "all of the board members saw and scored the records of
every officer selected for early retirement," there was no
majority consensus on what the Secretary was interested in - the
qualifications of the officers recommended for r e t e n t i o n .
With regard to Special Selection Board ( S S B ) eligibility, Counsel
stated that the applicant's position is based on DoDD 1320.9,
paragraph B2, which states in no uncertain terms that only
"officers on the Active Duty List" are eligible for SSB
consideration. Notwithstanding JA's strained interpretation of
"the statutory scheme'' to reach the opposite conclusion, the
applicant's position is consistent with 10 U.S.C., Section 6 2 8 ' s
use of the word "officer" rather than "former officer" and with
the title of Chapter 3 6 of which Section 628 is a part -
"Promotion, Separation, and Involuntary Retirement of Officers on
the A c t i v e Duty L i s t . " More to the point, it is consistent with
Congress' stated intent in Section 1 4 5 0 2 .
Counsel stated that
JA's suggestion to read Section 628 as if it were written like
Section 1 4 5 0 2 would override a distinction that Congress
specifically intended. Counsel indicated that the applicant's
position is well-founded in the law.
Counsel indicated that for all the reasons stated in this appeal,
the applicant should be granted the full relief sought.
Counsel's complete response is attached at Exhibit F.
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96-0292 6
THE BOARD CONCLUDES THAT
The applicant has exhausted all remedies provided by existing
1.
law or regulations.
2. The application was timely filed.
3. Insufficient relevant evidence has been presented to '
demonstrate the existence of probable error or injustice. After
reviewing the evidence of record, we are unpersuaded that the
applicant has been the victim of either an error or an injustice.
'Evidence has not been provided which would lead us to believe
that the applicant's consideration for promotion to the grade of
colonel by the Calendar Year (CY) 1991B selection board was
contrary to the pertinent provisions of the governing regulation,
which implement the law.
The applicant asserts that his
consideration for promotion was contrary to the provisions of 10
USC, Sections 616 and 617.
This issue has been thoroughly
explored in the advisory opinion prepared for review by military
legal authority and we agree with their assessment of this case.
The applicant has provided no evidence which successfully
disputes the JA interpretation of law or showing that he was
inequitably treated when compared to other similarly situated
officers. Furthermore, we have seen no evidence indicating that
the applicant's selection record was erroneously constituted at
the time he was considered for promotion by the CY 1991B
selection board.
Additionally, applicant's contentions
concerning the statutory compliance of Selective Early Retirement
Boards (SERBS) and the legality of the Special Selection Board
(SSB) process, in our opinion, have no merit.
The detailed
comments provided by the respective Air Force offices adequately
address these issues.
Therefore, we agree with the
recommendation of the Air Force and adopt the rationale expressed
as the basis for our conclusion that the applicant failed to
sustain his burden of establishing the existence of either an
error or an injustice warranting favorable action on his
requests.
4. The applicant's case is adequately documented and it has not
been shown that a personal appearance with or without counsel
will materially add to our understanding of the issue(s)
involved. Therefore, the request for a hearing is not favorably
considered.
THE BOARD DETERMINES THAT:
The applicant be notified that the evidence presented did not
demonstrate the existence of probable material error or
injustice; that the application was denied without a personal
appearance; and that the application will only be reconsidered
upon the submission of newly discovered relevant evidence not
considered with this application.
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9 6 - 0 2 9 2 6
The following members of the Board considered this application in
Executive Session on 15 December 1997, under the provisions of
AFI 3 6 - 2 6 0 3 :
Mr. Charles E. Bennett, Panel Chairman
Mr. Gregory H. Petkoff, Member
Mr. John L. Robuck, Member
The following documentary evidence was considered:
Exhibit A. DD Form 1 4 9 , dated 23 Sep 96, w/atchs.
Exhibit B. Applicant's Master Personnel Records.
Exhibit C. Letter, HQ AFPC/DPPB, dated 9 Apr 97.
Exhibit D. Letter, HQ AFPC/JA, dated 20 May 97
Exhibit E. Letter, SAF/MIBR, dated 2 Jun 9 7 .
Exhibit F. Letter from counsel, dated 18 Aug 97, w/atchs.
1 7 -
CHARLES E. BENNETT
Panel Chairman
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9 6 - 0-2 9 2 6
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