RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
AIR FORCE BOARD FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS
IN THE MATTER OF: DOCKET NUMBERS: BC-2002-02347
INDEX CODE 145.06 134.02 108.10 110.02
COUNSEL: Eugene R. Fidell
HEARING DESIRED: Yes
_________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT REQUESTS THAT:
All references to his resignation in lieu of (RILO) court-martial be
deleted, he be reinstated on active duty to his former position in the
Reserves with back pay and allowances, and he receive medical
separation pay in accordance with the recommendation from the 26 May
99 Informal Physical Evaluation Board (IPEB).
_________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT:
He was involuntarily and unlawfully separated from the Air Force on 22
Jul 99 because his resignation was the result of erroneous legal
advice from his military counsel and the Air Force unfairly failed to
act on his request to withdraw his resignation that was filed well
before the effective date of his resignation.
He denied allegations of inappropriate conduct with patients and staff
in the dental clinic, but his military counsel pressured him to submit
a RILO because, unlike a court-martial, it would not result in a
federal conviction that would prevent him from practicing dentistry.
At the same time, he was undergoing treatment for central serous
retinopathy (CSR) in his left eye, severe depression, and anxiety. His
military counsel erroneously advised him that he would be entitled to
a medical discharge with separation and benefits if a Medical
Evaluation Board (MEB) found him unfit for duty because a medical
discharge would take priority over his resignation. In fact, the
likely consequences of his resignation request were quite the
opposite. The medical separation and disability benefits were the
primary reasons he submitted his RILO. Had he been properly advised
from the outset, he would not have submitted a resignation or waived
his rights to a contested court-martial or administrative hearing.
Nearly six weeks before the effective date of his resignation, he
attempted to withdraw his resignation. However, he was discharged and
it was not until four days later that the Air Force responded to his
withdrawal request. The Air Force abused its discretion by failing to
act on his withdrawal request before his resignation became effective
despite having ample opportunity to do so.
The applicant’s complete submission, with counsel’s 20-page brief and
other attachments, is at Exhibit A.
_________________________________________________________________
STATEMENT OF FACTS:
The following information was extracted from the applicant’s military
personnel and medical records, the Air Force Office of Special
Investigation (AFOSI) and the Article 32 Reports of Investigation
(ROIs), and the Secretary of the Air Force Personnel Council (SAFPC)
case file.
The applicant enlisted in the US Army Reserves and served with the
448th Engineering Battalion from 1968 to 1974. After earning his
undergraduate and dental degrees, he served in the Army Dental Corps
from 1982 to 1985, the Army Reserves from 1985 to 1992, and the Air
Force since 16 Dec 92. He entered active duty in the grade of
lieutenant colonel (LTC) on 1 Dec 96 and was assigned as a dentist to
the 49th Aeromedical-Dental Squadron (49 ADS), at Holloman AFB, NM.
According to testimony from the former squadron commander, rumors of
sexual harassment in the unit surfaced three months after the
applicant arrived. After speaking to three airmen and the applicant,
the former commander concluded there was no overt problem with sexual
harassment or a hostile work place environment, so he verbally
counseled the applicant regarding his inappropriate comments.
After the commander left in Jun 98, an AFOSI inquiry was initiated on
15 Jul 98 following a command-directed investigation which surfaced
allegations the applicant had maltreated a female senior airman (SRA)
dental assistant from 1 Dec 96 to 30 Jun 98 by making sexual remarks
to and about her, touching her and exposing himself to her, and that
he made several inappropriate remarks to two other female airmen
dental assistants as well as two female airmen dental patients.
Following rights advisement, the applicant requested legal counsel and
the interview was terminated.
As a result of evidence cited in the AFOSI ROI, the applicant’s
privileges were suspended and he was removed from patient care on 2
Nov 98.
An Article 32 investigation officer (IO) was appointed on 2 Dec 98 to
investigate charges preferred against the applicant consisting of two
specifications of indecent assault, one specification of indecent
exposure, one specification of
maltreatment and four specifications of conduct unbecoming an officer
and gentleman. Details regarding the charges and specifications are
contained in the ROI, which was completed on 8 Dec 98.
Based on the findings and recommendations of the Article 32 ROI and
the wing commander, amended charges related to the applicant’s alleged
inappropriate behavior towards three female airmen dental assistants
and two female airmen patients were referred for trial by a general
court-martial (GCM) on 29 Dec 98.
The applicant responded by submitting a RILO on 27 Jan 99. He
indicated his understanding that if the SAF accepted his resignation,
he would receive an under other than honorable conductions (UOTHC)
discharge, unless the SAF determined he should receive a general or
honorable discharge.
On 13 Apr 99, SAFPC recommended that the applicant’s RILO be accepted
but that his discharge be characterized as general. SAFPC based their
upgraded discharge recommendation on their doubts about the
credibility of the victim of the most serious offenses.
On 10 May 99, an MEB convened. According to the 10 May 99 Summary, the
applicant was originally diagnosed with CSR in 1997 after he developed
a distortion and “black shade” in his left eye. Visual acuity at that
time was 20/25 and he underwent no treatment except follow-up. He had
a recurrent episode in Aug 98 when his vision decreased to 20/200, but
did not necessitate laser treatment intervention. The applicant
complained he was unable to work effectively since that time due to
extremely poor vision in the left eye. The retinal specialist
concluded that the level of visual dysfunction of which the applicant
complained at the time was not consistent with the ophthalmic
findings. The summary noted that the inability to elicit accurate
responses from the applicant which are physiologic and consistent with
the objective ocular exam made it extremely difficult to detect the
actual level of dysfunction. The case was referred to a PEB.
On 12 May 99, the SAF accepted the applicant’s RILO and directed his
separation with a UOTHC discharge. However, the discharge was held in
abeyance pending the outcome of the ongoing medical evaluation process
regarding the applicant’s eye condition.
On 26 May 99, the IPEB recommended the applicant’s medical discharge
with severance pay for CSR in the left eye. The IPEB noted that the
minimum compensable rating for this disorder is 10% when there is
20/40 vision in one eye and 20/200 in the other eye. Since the
applicant had 20/20 vision in one eye and 20/200
in the other eye, the IPEB found the applicant unfit but recommended a
disability rating of 0%. The applicant originally nonconcurred on 27
May 99 and demanded a Formal PEB (FPEB).
On 14 Jun 99, the applicant submitted a request to the SAF to rescind
his resignation. He indicated he wanted to complete the PEB process
and pursue medical retirement since the seriousness of his condition
would prevent his practicing dentistry. In the alternative, he
requested rescission so he could face court-martial and prove his
innocence since he would be unable to practice dentistry in the
civilian sector.
On 18 Jun 99, he waived his request for an FPEB and concurred with the
findings of the IPEB.
The Officer Performance Report (OPR) for the period 31 May 98 through
30 May 99 had been referred to the applicant on 2 Jun 99. The flight
commander (rater) had marked the applicant “Met Standards” in all
performance categories. The squadron commander (additional rater)
indicated the applicant did not meet standards in Professional
Qualities. In his 14 Jun 99 rebuttal, the applicant indicated that the
SAF had accepted his RILO on 12 May 99 and he had, by separate
correspondence, requested that the SAF rescind his RILO to allow him
to fight the charges that had been brought against him. However, after
discovering some administrative errors, the OPR was corrected and
again referred to the applicant on 21 Jun 99. Despite requesting and
being granted an extension of time until 7 Jul 99 in which to rebut,
the applicant did not provide additional comments. The wing commander
(reviewer) referred the OPR to the applicant on 22 Jul 99. After
considering the applicant’s 14 Jun 99 comments, the reviewer indicated
the applicant did not meet standards in Leadership Skills,
Professional Qualities and Judgment and Decisions. On 7 Aug 99, the
12th Air Force (12 AF) commander concurred with the reviewer’s
evaluation.
SAFPC found the seriousness of the applicant’s alleged misconduct
outweighed the gravity of his medical condition and, after unanimously
finding his medical condition did not contribute to or aggravate his
propensity to engage in misconduct, recommended continuation with the
RILO processing. Therefore, on 14 Jul 99, the SAF, acting through
SAFPC, directed the applicant’s discharge, thereby terminating the
applicant’s dual-action case.
The applicant was discharged on 22 Jul 99 in the grade of LTC with a
UOTHC characterization, triable by court-martial. He had 6 years, 7
months and 36 days of total active service and 16 years, 6 months and
19 days of prior inactive service.
HQ AFPC/DPPR’s letter dated 26 Jul 99 advised the applicant that,
prior to finalizing his discharge, HQ AFPC/DPPD had informed them of
the applicant’s pending PEB and his involuntary discharge was held in
abeyance until his PEB was completed. Once completed, both his PEB and
RILO packages were sent to the SAF for a final determination. On 14
Jul 99, the SAF directed his discharge, thereby terminating any
further disability processing actions. DPPR also indicated that, since
the SAF had accepted his resignation, there was no provision to
rescind this decision to allow him to face a court-martial.
_________________________________________________________________
AIR FORCE EVALUATION:
HQ AFPC/DPPRS states that, based on the documentation in the file,
they believe the discharge was consistent with the procedural and
substantive requirements of the discharge regulation. The applicant
did not submit any new evidence or identify any errors or injustices
that occurred in the discharge processing. Denial is recommended.
A complete copy of the evaluation is at Exhibit C.
HQ AFPC/DPPD notes that individuals undergoing disability processing
who also have simultaneous ongoing administrative/punitive discharge
actions pending are forwarded to SAFPC for final determination as to
which case they want to pursue. This is referred to as a dual-action
case. In this situation, both cases were forwarded to SAFPC on 30 Jun
99 for their decision. On 14 Jul 99, the SAF directed the applicant’s
discharge and the ongoing disability action was terminated. DPPD
concludes the applicant was treated fairly, was properly rated and
afforded a full and fair hearing. Based on the SAFPC decision on 14
Jul 99, they find no grounds to overturn the Secretarial decision and
award the applicant a disability discharge with entitlement to
severance pay. Denial is recommended.
A complete copy of the evaluation is at Exhibit D.
HQ AFPC/JA notes that had the applicant proceeded to trial, he risked
not only receiving a dismissal and confinement, but also his ability
to practice dentistry as a civilian and he risked losing a medical
separation. His RILO clearly showed he was worried that a conviction
would prohibit him from practicing dentistry back in Puerto Rico.
Second, the RILO was based on his counsel’s concession that the
applicant would be found guilty of at least one of the misconduct
allegations. Third, the applicant knew that submitting a RILO allowed
his medical disability case to continue. Now, he is essentially
arguing that had he been told that a medical discharge was not a
foregone conclusion and that SAFPC would make the final determination
as to which discharge would be executed, he would not have submitted a
resignation. In short, he has failed to prove that erroneous legal
advice caused
him to submit his resignation or that it was anything but a knowing
and voluntary act. The evidence clearly shows that counsel’s advice to
submit the resignation was soundly based on the applicant’s desire to
save his civilian practice and continue to be processed in the medical
evaluation system. The applicant was not erroneously induced to submit
his resignation. As for his request to withdraw his RILO, his
resignation had already been approved and was being held in abeyance
pending the outcome of the medical evaluation process. He was not, in
fact, asking for a withdrawal but that the already approved
resignation be rescinded. The governing directive makes no provision
for the rescinding of approved resignations, only the withdrawal of
pending resignations. Finally, his reasons for requesting a rescission
of the resignation were counter to his best interests. Rescinding the
RILO to face the misconduct charges at a court-martial would have
ended the processing of his disability case. Those charged with or
convicted and sentenced for one or more offenses that could result in
dismissal or punitive discharge may not undergo disability evaluation.
Paradoxically, if his resignation could have been rescinded, the
applicant faced all of the events he wanted to avoid by submitting the
RILO in the first place. Denial is recommended.
A complete copy of the evaluation is at Exhibit E.
_________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT'S REVIEW OF AIR FORCE EVALUATION:
Complete copies of the Air Force evaluations were forwarded to the
applicant’s counsel on 18 Oct 02 for review and comment within 30
days. On 9 Dec 02, counsel requested that the case be temporarily
withdrawn until he was ready to proceed. The applicant’s case was
reopened upon receipt of counsel’s 23 Dec 02 rebuttal.
Counsel contends that settled law provides that administrative
agencies have inherent authority to reconsider their own decisions
since the power to decide in the first instance carries with it the
power to reconsider. Neither the SAF nor his designee acted on the
withdrawal request during the six weeks before the effective date of
his resignation. Counsel cites Cunningham v. US, which flatly rejects
the Air Force’s what’s-done-is-done argument, as well as Trujillo v.
General Electric Co. If a withdrawal request submitted before the
effective separation date is denied without any demonstrable exercise
of discretion, it is an involuntary separation. The advisory opinion’s
suggestion that the approval of the resignation request was simply
being held in “abeyance” is completely illogical and inconsistent with
the dual processing regulation. If that were the case, the premature
approval would operate as an improper predetermination and would
render the dual processing requirement meaningless. In fact, the Air
Force conceded that its initial approval of the resignation was
ineffectual because the “disability case and administrative discharge”
were not forwarded to the SAF for a “final determination” until 30 Jun
99. The advisory opinion’s quibble over the applicant’s “request to
rescind” rather than a “request to withdraw” is a preposterous, hyper-
technical argument--the words are synonymous. The meaning and effect
of such a request is patently the same and the SAF had the authority
to approve it. Moreover, the Air Force completely ignored the fact
that from Aug 98 until May 99 the applicant was being treated on a
daily basis by an Air Force psychiatrist for severe depression and
anxiety. He was taking prescription medication for his depression,
anxiety and a sleeping disorder, which bears directly on the issue of
“voluntariness.”
A complete copy of counsel’s response is at Exhibit I.
_________________________________________________________________
ADDITIONAL AIR FORCE EVALUATION:
HQ USAF/JAG advises that SAFPC makes the final disposition in dual-
action (disability/administrative) processing. If SAFPC does not
accept a member’s retirement or discharge in lieu of court-martial
action, the court-martial will proceed. If the sentence does not
result in punitive discharge, then the disability case can be
processed. Administrative action continues in any disability case that
results in a fit determination. HQ USAF/JAG notes that, faced with a
high probability of conviction on all or some of the charges, the
applicant, upon advice of counsel, elected to submit his resignation.
Independent of the PEB process, if his resignation was accepted by the
SAF (which it was), the applicant reaped several benefits; i.e., the
avoidance of the rigors of a criminal trial, federal conviction,
potential confinement, dismissal and, more importantly, any negative
impact on his dentistry license and practice. Conversely, by accepting
the applicant’s resignation, the Air Force was denied the opportunity
to prosecute the applicant and, over time, the ability to marshal
evidence and witnesses. JAG urges the Board not to blindly accept the
applicant’s assertion as uncontroverted truth that his resignation was
based on erroneous legal advice of two highly experienced military
counsels that a UOTHC discharge would not be executed unless the PEB
process ultimately found him fit for duty. Nowhere in the applicant’s
rescission (not withdrawal) memo of his SAF-accepted resignation does
he state his military counsel gave him “bad advice.” His rescission
was based on the assertion that “new information regarding my
ophthalmic condition has been discovered which substantially change my
status regarding the resignation.” The applicant claims he learned
for the first time that the advice of his military counsel concerning
medical discharge and disability benefits was erroneous and misleading
when he retained civilian counsel on 12 May 99. If he retained
civilian counsel at that point, why didn’t that counsel ensure
military counsel’s “erroneous and misleading” advice was included as
the primary reason or basis for his resignation rescission request?
He has not provided affidavits from either of his military counsel
attesting to the “erroneous and misleading” advice they gave him
concerning dual processing. This should be particularly persuasive to
the Board because one of the applicant’s counsels is still in the Air
Force assigned to Bolling AFB. The burden of proof resides with the
applicant and he has offered no credible, let alone sufficient,
evidence. Consequently, his accepted resignation is presumed
voluntary and further analysis and comment of applicant’s legal
authority concerning this assertion is unnecessary.
The applicant’s other assertion is no official action was ever taken
on his attempted rescission six weeks before its effective date.
Again, factually, his rescission request was predicated on a desire to
“complete the PEB process” and “the opportunity to pursue the medical
retirement that I believe I am entitled to.” At the time of his
attempted rescission, he had met the IPEB and then demanded an FPEB
hearing. Regardless of the SAF’s action on the applicant’s rescission
request, the PEB process would have been followed to completion. In
other words, from the SAF and SAFPC perspective, no official action
(approval/disapproval) of the applicant’s rescission request was
required or necessary to grant his request to “complete the PEB
process.” Once completed, the SAF, acting through SAFPC, considered
all the information before it and elected to execute the applicant’s
tendered and accepted resignation.
In order for the law cited in counsel’s rebuttal to be applicable, the
Board must accept the facts, as represented by the applicant, as the
uncontroverted truth. The objective facts don’t support the
applicant’s assertions. The applicant and his counsel have
inaccurately portrayed the facts to the Board and the cited case law
has no application. Since the applicant has failed to demonstrate
error or injustice, denial is recommended.
A complete copy of the additional evaluation is at Exhibit J.
_________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT’S REVIEW OF ADDITIONAL EVALUATION:
Counsel asserts the advisory opinion fails to respond to the principal
points made in their submission and instead repeats the same flawed
arguments. The applicant met his burden that he relied on erroneous
advice from his ADC; the Air Force did not meet its burden of
persuasion. His eye condition is not “pre-Air Force” but in fact
occurred during his Air Force service. The Air Force’s attempt to
distinguish Cunningham v. US rests entirely on its claim that there is
a meaningful difference between a request to withdraw and a request to
rescind a resignation. Their argument is without merit. The words
rescind and withdraw are synonymous or interchangeable. The advisory
opinion, not surprisingly, made no effort to define either term. As
stated earlier, the Secretary and administrative agencies have
inherent authority to reconsider their own decisions since the power
to decide in the first instance carries with it the power to
reconsider. Even if the SAF approved the resignation request, there is
no question that he had ample time and inherent authority to approve
the applicant’s request to rescind his resignation before its
effective date. The Air Force’s argument is a pure post hoc
rationalization for an improper agency action. The fact that the
applicant was being treated on a daily basis for severe depression and
anxiety at the time he submitted his resignation request bears
directly on the issue of voluntariness.
A complete copy of counsel’s response is at Exhibit L.
_________________________________________________________________
THE BOARD CONCLUDES THAT:
1. The applicant has exhausted all remedies provided by existing
law or regulations.
2. The application was not timely filed; however, it is in the
interest of justice to excuse the failure to timely file.
3. Insufficient relevant evidence has been presented to demonstrate
the existence of error or injustice. We carefully considered counsel’s
arguments as well as the available evidence of record. The applicant’s
stated reason for rescinding his RILO was so he could complete the PEB
process or, in the alternative, be allowed to prove his innocence
because he had discovered his ophthalmic condition affected his
ability to practice dentistry. Nowhere in the 14 Jun 99 rescission
request did he or his civilian counsel assert, as they do now, that
the RILO was submitted as a result of erroneous, ineffective military
legal advice. Completing disability evaluation was the applicant’s
stated objective and his RILO facilitated the continuation of the PEB
process. Without it, he first would have had to submit to the rigors
of trial and the very real possibility of a dismissal or punitive
discharge, in which case he could not undergo disability evaluation.
Ironically, if the applicant’s rescission request had been granted he
would have faced all the events he wanted to avoid by submitting the
RILO in the first place. He could have requested withdrawal of his
RILO while it was pending the SAF’s prerogative to accept or reject
it. This he did not do, and once the SAF accepted the RILO, it was no
longer pending but held in abeyance so that the PEB process could be
completed, which is what the applicant claimed he wanted. After the
PEB process was finalized and the applicant found unfit, SAFPC
reviewed the accepted RILO, the completed PEB evaluation, the
applicant’s concurrence with the IPEB’s recommendation and the
rescission request. SAFPC considered the dual aspects of the case,
i.e., whether to discharge the applicant medically for unfitness or
discharge him administratively for his misconduct. SAFPC apparently
concluded the applicant’s medical condition did not contribute to or
mitigate his misconduct. As a result, the SAF, acting through SAFPC,
directed the applicant’s UOTHC discharge based upon the SAF’s previous
acceptance of the RILO. With regard to the rescission request, the
Board notes there is no regulatory provision for rescinding an
accepted RILO. The Board also notes that the cases cited by applicant
deal with resignations by civilian employees. The law governing
resignation by military officers is significantly different from that
applying to civilians. The applicant’s situation undoubtedly placed
him under severe stress, but that would not inherently impair his
decision-making capability. Further, counsel has not demonstrated that
his client’s decision to request discharge in lieu of court-martial
was uninformed or involuntary, or that the SAF, acting through SAFPC,
abused or exceeded his authority in ordering the execution of the
resignation despite the applicant’s request to rescind. With the
applicant’s accepted RILO, the Air Force was denied the opportunity to
prosecute him and we find no grounds for allowing the applicant to
litigate at this later date those issues he neatly avoided with his
resignation. In the final analysis, we see no compelling evidence
presented that the applicant suffered either an error or injustice and
agree with the rationale provided by the two legal advisory opinions
that this appeal should be denied.
4. Since the applicant’s case is adequately documented and a
personal appearance with or without counsel will not materially add to
our understanding of the issue involved, his request for a hearing is
not favorably considered.
_________________________________________________________________
THE BOARD DETERMINES THAT:
The applicant be notified that the evidence presented did not
demonstrate the existence of material error or injustice; that the
application was denied without a personal appearance; and that the
application will only be reconsidered upon the submission of newly
discovered relevant evidence not considered with this application.
_________________________________________________________________
The following members of the Board considered this application in
Executive Session on 1 May 2003 under the provisions of AFI 36-2603:
Mr. Philip Sheuerman, Panel Chair
Mr. Christopher Carey, Member
Ms. Martha J. Evans, Member
The following documentary evidence relating to AFBCMR Docket Number BC-
2002-02347 was considered:
Exhibit A. DD Form 149, dated 22 Jul 02, w/atchs.
Exhibit B. Applicant's Master Personnel Records.
Exhibit C. Letter, HQ AFPC/DPPRS, dated 5 Sep 02.
Exhibit D. Letter, HQ AFPC/DPPD, dated 27 Sep 02.
Exhibit E. Letter, HQ AFPC/JA, dated 10 Oct 02.
Exhibit F. Letter, SAF/MRBR, dated 18 Oct 02.
Exhibit G. Letter, Counsel, 9 Dec 02.
Exhibit H. Letter, AFBCMR, dated 16 Dec 02.
Exhibit I. Letter, Counsel, dated 23 Dec 02.
Exhibit J. Letter, HQ USAF/JAG, dated 7 Mar 03.
Exhibit K. Letter, AFBCMR, dated 12 Mar 03.
Exhibit L. Letter, Counsel, dated 12 Apr 03.
PHILIP SHEUERMAN
Panel Chair
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