FORMAL HEARING
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
AIR FORCE BOARD FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS
IN THE MATTER OF: DOCKET NUMBER: 86-04015
ADVISOR: COL PAUL ARCARI, USAF, RET.
HEARING DESIRED: YES
___________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT REQUESTS THAT:
His previous request for four years of constructive service credit
(CSC) for longevity pay purposes for his attendance at the
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) from
August 1983 through May 1987 be reconsidered and approved.
___________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT:
He was miscounseled regarding his eligibility for CSC prior to his
matriculation in the USUHS Class of 1987.
He states, in part, that the AFBCMR favorably reconsidered the
cases of five 1983 USAFA graduate members of the USUHS Class of
1987 awarding CSC for four years of medical training. These cases
were considered on the basis of (1) counseling by USAFA pre-medical
advisors (Captain W (now Lieutenant Colonel W) and Lt Colonel C
(now Colonel C) regarding CSC and (2) reliance on CSC counseling in
foregoing other Air Force career opportunities. He has stated in
previous submissions that he relied on incorrect information from
USAFA pre-medical advisors and the USUHS to make irrevocable career
decisions. Attached is new data from one of his USAFA pre-medical
advisors, Colonel C (Atch 1).
In particular, he received the same CSC information that the USAFA
83/USUHS 87 group received, a group that the AFBCMR has previously
awarded CSC credit to. Additionally, he received the same CSC
information from Dr. C that Dr. V, USAFA 82/USUHS 89 received, who
was also awarded CSC with a three-year field tour prior to
matriculation at USUHS. Further, Dr. C states, as he (applicant)
has in the past, that "…Dr. N had to give up opportunities
elsewhere in the Air Force like Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT)
to be recommended by our program." In addition, Dr. W, his other
pre-medical advisor, has stated that:
…Major N was advised of the benefits of a USUHS education,
including four years of constructive credit. Further I consider
this ‘irrefutable’ evidence of counseling for all cadets at that
time including Major N. (Atch 2)
USUHS admissions and interview staff affirmed his previous USAFA
counseling. The USUHS General Counsel has recently forwarded "…the
official position of the University…" (Atch 3) to the DOD General
Counsel regarding USUHS counseling of applicants. Contained in
this position the University concedes that the USUHS bulletin and
staff had incorrectly informed applicants that they would get pre-
DOPMA benefits. The USUHS information reaffirmed the USAFA CSC
counseling that he received from his pre-medical advisors.
In addition, the USUHS bulletin for the 1983-1984 admission cycle
stated that "Longevity credit for pay purposes accrues for students
for time spent in school…" (Atch 4). This evidence of counseling
at both USAFA and USUHS further establishes his understanding that
he would receive CSC upon graduation. And as he has stated
previously, the knowledge that he would receive CSC was not
dismissed by him in rejecting other Air Force career opportunities.
While he believes his case most closely resembles the USAFA 83
group, he would also like to submit new and relevant information
regarding a newly adopted DOD position on the USUHS 1987 Class. In
early 1999, the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and
Readiness advised the respective service BCMRs that "…applicants
who are able to make a significant showing under a standard
approach will receive the same relief regardless of the applicant's
branch of service." (Emphasis added) (Atch 5)
The "standard approach" adopted by the Army BCMR was identical to
the AFBCMR, namely, demonstration of CSC counseling and reliance on
counseling to forego other career opportunities. On 23 Sep 99, the
Army BCMR reconsidered 14 cases of 1983 USUHS students (Class of
1987). The 13 successful BCMR requests were Service Academy (USMA)
graduates who were advised by West Point pre-medical advisors
regarding pre-DOPMA CSC. As with the AFBCMR and consistent with
the guidance from the Under Secretary of Defense, Personnel and
Readiness, the Army BCMR reasoned that it would be unjust to deny
CSC to similarly situated USMA cadets. Among these cadets was one
doctor, who like himself was a 1980 Service Academy (USMA) graduate
who also graduated from USUHS in 1987. A copy of the cited case is
enclosed as Atch 6. As noted in the package, this doctor was
counseled while at USMA regarding CSC, made career decisions based
on that counseling, graduated in 1980 and entered USUHS in 1983.
He subsequently graduated from USUHS in 1987. As he is also a 1980
Service Academy (USAFA) graduate and a USUHS 1987 graduate, he
requests the same relief as his colleague, particularly in view of
the guidance of the Under Secretary of Defense, Personnel and
Readiness.
In support of his application, applicant provides a 9 November 2001
letter submitted to the AFBCMR from Colonel C (retired), a former
Chairman of the Health Professions Advisory Committee (HPAC) at the
Air Force Academy. He also provides a 29 September 1998 letter
from the USUHS General Counsel to the Office of the Secretary of
Defense (OSD) that urged OSD's support for CSC for the affected
members of USUHS Class of 1987. Finally, he provides a 13 April
1999 memorandum from the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel
and Readiness to the service secretaries which recommended that the
various service BCMRs adopt "uniform guidelines for the evaluation
and disposition" of the pending applications for CSC from the USUHS
Class of 1987 (Exhibit AAA with Attachments 1 through 6).
___________________________________________________________________
STATEMENT OF FACTS:
Applicant, a lieutenant colonel, has a Total Active Federal
Commissioned Date of 5 March 1984 and a Total Federal Commissioned
Service Date of 28 May 1980.
The Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) was enacted on
12 December 1980 and implemented by the Air Force on 15 September
1981. DOPMA repealed that portion of the law that had authorized
four years of constructive service credit to medical and dental
corps officers for computation of basic pay and retired pay, and
had authorized an additional credit of one year to those officers
for internship received while not on active duty.
DOPMA preserved credit for persons who on 14 September 1981 were
enrolled in the USUHS or the Armed Forces Health Professions
Scholarship Program. Individuals who entered either of these
programs after 14 September 1981 were not eligible for constructive
service credit for basic pay.
Applicant graduated from the United States Air Force Academy on
28 May 1980 and entered on extended active duty (EAD) in the
Regular Air Force as a second lieutenant the same date.
On 28 March 1983, the applicant signed a USUHS Military Service
Obligation Contract, which indicated, among other things, that he
understood that service performed while a member of the program is
not counted in computing years of service creditable for basic pay.
Applicant resigned his Regular Air Force appointment and was re-
appointed into the Reserve of the Air Force as a second lieutenant
on 9 August 1983. He thereafter matriculated into USUHS in the
Fall of 1983 and graduated in 1987. Since he graduated from USUHS
after 14 September 1981, he was not eligible for the four years of
constructive service credit for basic pay.
In response to the applicant's request, the AFBCMR, in 1987,
determined that the applicant had provided insufficient relevant
evidence to demonstrate the existence of a probable error or
injustice and denied his request. The applicant subsequently made
a number of requests for reconsideration of the Board's decision
(in 1992, and twice in 1997) which resulted in a reconsidered
decision by the Board in 1998. That decision again denied the
applicant's request citing insufficient relevant evidence of error
or injustice.
The detailed facts and history of the applicant's case are included
as Exhibit BBB with Exhibits AA through HH.
___________________________________________________________________
AIR FORCE EVALUATION:
HQ AFPC/JA states, in part, that in 1997, they opined that no basis
existed to justify the Board's favorable reconsideration of the
applicant's request. After reviewing the applicant's instant
request and the supporting "new and relevant information," they
find nothing that changes their opinion.
In their view, the information provided in the applicant's request
is not newly discovered relevant evidence, nor does it reveal
information to the Board that was not available when the
application was previously considered. The basic premise of the
applicant's current argument is again that since another similarly
placed individual received relief, the applicant should also be
granted the same relief. Although predicated on a "new"
12 September 2000 decision from the Army BCMR related to an Army
classmate, the applicant's argument is the same argument considered
and rejected by the Board in its 1998 decision.
In 1998, the Board stated that even though the applicant's case was
identical to the case of a fellow officer that received relief from
a different panel, such relief was based on equitable concerns and
was granted in error. In its conclusion, the Board stated "we do
not believe that the interest of equity or justice requires us to
continue to perpetuate an erroneous action." Further, in referring
to USUHS Class of 1987 graduates in general, the Board noted that
"the plain and unambiguous language of the applicable law leaves no
doubt that, for whatever reason, the Congress intended that
effective September 15, 1981, these graduates of government-
sponsored medical training would no longer be entitled to
constructive service for computation of basic pay. Therefore, we
continue to believe that any relief on the basis of institutional
inequity should be addressed to the Congress in the form of a
request for an amendment to the statute."
Similarly, the applicant has recast his previously rejected
argument regarding his "miscounseling" by former HPAC Chairmen,
Colonel C and Lt Col W.
In support, the applicant asserts that five 1983 U.S. Air Force
Academy (USAFA) graduates who subsequently graduated from the USUHS
1987 Class were granted relief by the AFBCMR based on the erroneous
counseling by Colonel C and Lt Col W. As it regards Colonel C, the
Board has previously concluded that there was "no showing of
misinformation by the former HPAC chairman (Colonel C) to the
applicant." The Board also indicated that this conclusion is
supported by strong evidence that the applicant never relied to his
detriment on Colonel C's putative misinformation. In our view,
Colonel C's current letter does nothing to disturb the Board's
previous conclusion.
Likewise the 5 September 1997 letter from Lt Col W is also not
"newly discovered evidence." Similar information from Lt Col W was
provided and considered in the applicant's 1997 application. Lt
Col W was the HPAC Chairman while the applicant was a cadet at the
USAFA and therefore the applicant knew this information when he
made his initial application in 1985 but the board did not hear of
this information until the applicant's second and third application
in 1997 and 2001, some 12 to 16 years later.
Nonetheless, while Lt Col W specifically recalls meeting with and
advising the applicant about his entitlement to CSC, this
advisement purportedly took place in 1978. Lt Col W's letter also
specifies that the counseling he gave to the applicant (and others
during his tenure as HPAC Chairman) "was absolutely correct
according to the law at the time." There is no indication that Lt
Col W advised the applicant after his graduation from the USAFA in
1980. That the applicant was correctly advised as a USAFA
undergraduate that he was entitled to CSC upon completion of
medical school at the USUHS is not persuasive. Although he applied
for admission to the USUHS immediately following graduation from
the USAFA, the applicant was not accepted and was assigned to duty
in the line. The applicant did not enter medical school at USUHS
until 1983, some five years after being advised by Lt Col W.
Accordingly, because the counseling provided to the applicant by Lt
Col W was correct and accurate at the time it was given, it was not
erroneous and cannot, therefore, serve as a basis for the relief
requested.
Colonel C's current letter also seeks to remind the Board that "as
I stated in my first letter (15 August 1997) Dr. N had to give up
opportunities elsewhere in the Air Force like Undergraduate Pilot
Training to be recommended by our (health professions) program."
This again is not new evidence or argument and is information that
was known at the time of the applicant's original application.
Additionally, the applicant raised this issue in his last request
for reconsideration and to assert it now as a new basis for relief
is disingenuous.
Notwithstanding Colonel C's statement, there is simply no evidence
anywhere in the entire history of the applicant's numerous requests
for relief that would indicate that he made a decision to forego
undergraduate pilot training (UPT) based on the conclusion that he
would be entitled to CSC while attending the USUHS. In fact, all
evidence indicates that the applicant's personal career objective
was to become a physician.
As indicated in Lt Col W's letter, the applicant sought and
received counseling in his third year as a USAFA cadet to attend
medical school upon graduation. The applicant applied to USUHS in
the fall of 1979, but failed to gain admission. Lt Col W also
commented that "since his (the applicant's) desire was to become a
doctor, he waived an opportunity to go to pilot training and he was
assigned to a space systems program…." The applicant applied to
and was accepted for admission to medical school in Kansas in 1981,
but declined to matriculate because he could not obtain an Air
Force scholarship. The applicant turned down admission to a
graduate nuclear physics program offered by the Air Force Institute
of Technology in 1982, ostensibly because he intended to go to
medical school. The applicant later applied for admission and was
accepted for medical school at Georgetown University, the
University of Virginia, and USUHS in 1983. Finally, in the
applicant's original application, he made no mention that he
declined UPT in order to attend USUHS. Therefore, it seems clear
that the applicant's intent from at least his third cadet year at
the USAFA was to become a physician. His consequent decisions to
forego "an opportunity" to attend UPT and a graduate degree in
nuclear physics was based on his personal career goals and not on
whether he would be entitled to CSC while attending USUHS.
Lastly, the applicant cites letters from the USUHS General Counsel
and the Under Secretary of Defense, Personnel and Readiness, as
persuasive evidence which requires the relief he seeks. The USUHS
General Counsel's letter, while not specifically addressing the
applicant's circumstance, recommends CSC for all members of the
USUHS Class of 1987 based on equity concerns and notwithstanding
DOPMA legislation which clearly prohibits CSC for this class. The
General Counsel's letter is neither persuasive nor binding.
Additionally, while well intended, they believe the General Counsel
is wrong as a matter of law.
The applicant also quotes the Under Secretary of Defense, Personnel
and Readiness, out of context when he states that Mr. D advised the
respective BCMRs that "applicants who are able to make a
significant showing under a standard approach will receive the same
relief regardless of the applicant's branch of service." The
entire text from which that quote is taken, puts Mr. D's objective
more clearly.
It is clear that the Under Secretary is not and may not mandate the
action of the various BCMRs and also recognizes that each case must
be considered and decided based on its own facts and merits. There
is no indication that uniform standards were established in
accordance with this memorandum.
In conclusion, HQ AFPC/JA states that the bottom line in the
applicant's case is that he desired to attend medical school
following graduation from the USAFA and actively sought the means
to achieve this at government expense. In light of the enormous
benefit that he has received at taxpayer expense and under the
generous conditions in which he has achieved them, his claims of
miscounseling, declining other career paths, and inequity, ring
hollow. The applicant made a decision to attend USUHS but cannot
demonstrate how attending USUHS over any other medical school has
harmed him or his military or professional career. A complete copy
of the HQ AFPC/JA advisory opinion is included as Exhibit CCC.
___________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT'S REVIEW OF AIR FORCE EVALUATION:
Applicant takes exception to the advisory opinion's conclusion that
the information provided is not new. Specifically, he states that
since the Board considered his last request for reconsideration on
24 August 1998 and the Army did not consider Dr. St P's case until
on or about 12 September 2000, the 1998 Board could not possibly
have known about the findings of the 2000 Army BCMR. Similarly,
the 1998 Board could not have known about Col C's letter dated
9 November 2001 nor the Under Secretary of Defense's letter, dated
13 April 1999. While it is possible that the compelling USUHS
General Counsel letter, dated 29 September 1998, may have been
known to the 1998 Board panel considering his case, no mention was
made of this letter in their findings. Further, the advisory
opinion notes that "The basic premise of the applicant's current
argument is again that since another similarly placed individual
received relief, the applicant should also be granted relief." He
believes this statement strengthens his case because, as he
understands it, the purpose of the BCMR process is equal justice
for similarly situated personnel. A purpose that previously led
panels at the Army Board to award credit to roughly 22 1987
USUHS/USMA year group peers in the Army consistent with the
AFBCMR's award of credit to 5 1987 USUHS/USAFA peers.
Applicant further states that the advisory opinion asserts that the
AFBCMR was wrong in awarding credit to a similarly situated USAFA
colleague. By extension, since the Army BCMR used the AFBCMR’s
previous actions as the basis for relief in their cases, one might
conclude based on this view that the Army BCMR was also wrong. He
disagrees. After the AFBCMR took the lead in granting relief to
the USUHS Class of 1986, the BCMRs established the precedent of
acting in concert. As with the most recent action of the Army BCMR
in recognizing similarly situated USMA/USUHS graduates, the AFBCMR
would be acting consistent with their previous actions and the
actions of their sister board in awarding credit in his case. The
advisory opinion also inexplicably quotes the applicable
legislative intent and law, but this is not a revelation. The same
intent and law applied to the previous officers granted relief by
the Air Force and Army BCMRs.
The essence of the advisory opinion discussion is twofold: one, Lt
Col W's advisement is largely irrelevant because it preceded
matriculation by several years; and two, Col C's advisement is not
compelling. On both accounts the advisory opinion fails to include
several important points. There is no dispute that Lt Col W was
correct in informing him that he would receive pre-DOPMA CSC
credits prior to the change in the law. What the opinion fails to
note, however, is that Lt Col W's immediate successor, Col C,
continued to advise applicants of the CSC despite the change in the
law. This fact has been a significant source of consternation to
AFPC and the Board.
Previously, the Board accorded considerable weight to Col C's
advisement. He respectfully requests that the panel pay specific
attention to the entirety of Col C's comments on his behalf in the
9 November 2001 and 15 August 1997 letters as they demonstrate a
continuum of advisement about CSC as it pertains to his case. As
much as Col C's comments may be discomforting to AFPC, they still
represent the most true and accurate personal reflection of his
primary source of information regarding CSC. Further, the USUHS
General Counsel letter reveals that "The information…obtained
during the admissions process incorrectly led interviewees to
conclude that they would get pre-DOPMA benefits." Simply, there
was nothing during the admissions process that would have persuaded
him that Col C's advisement was not correct.
AFPC contends that he never entertained other Air Force career
opportunities like UPT because he was committed to a career in
medicine. This obfuscates the issue; namely, had he known that he
would be at a significant pay and promotion disadvantage by
attending sponsored medical training he would have given greater
weight to another career path. Notwithstanding the AFPC assertion
about his intentions, it ignored the fact that he completed UPT
preparation training, Pilot Indoctrination Training, and kept his
Flying Class I UPT physical examination current; both of which
would be out of character for someone who had no intentions of
going to UPT. That said, he is proud to be a physician and is
pleased to serve our airmen as a Senior Flight Surgeon.
The advisory opinion contends that the Secretary of Defense,
Personnel and Readiness, apparently really didn't mean what he
said. He disagrees. It seems pretty clear that the Secretary was
interested in consistency between the Boards. He similarly didn't
intend an individual's branch of service to be a limiting factor in
granting relief. History seems to support his view. At the time
the Secretary signed the letter, legislation was being entertained
in the Senate and House to clarify the CSC status of the USUHS
Class of 1987 and address sporadic BCMR action. His letter, in
close proximity to the legislative effort, was necessary, in part,
to address constituency allegations of inconsistencies between the
BCMRs. Applicant's complete letter is included as Exhibit DDD.
___________________________________________________________________
APPLICANT’S APPEARANCE AT FORMAL HEARING:
1. The applicant appeared before the Board without counsel and
testified under oath. Retired Colonel A, former Chief,
Entitlements Division, Directorate of Personnel Plans, HQ USAF,
appeared as his advisor. Applicant testified that the essential
elements of his case center on three core questions and asserted
that, based on Air Force BCMR precedent, affirmation on these three
questions is a necessary element in granting the relief he seeks.
The questions are as follows: (1) Was he counseled that he would
receive constructive service credit (CSC) for time spent in medical
training at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences
(USUHS)? (2) As a result of this counseling, did he exclude other
USAF career opportunities? (3) Has sufficient BCMR precedent, to
include sister service BCMR action, been established to grant CSC?
2. In response to question (1) (i.e., Was he counseled that he
would receive CSC for time spent in medical training at USUHS?),
applicant testified:
a. The most significant sources of his premedical counseling
were two USAF Academy Health Professions Advisory Committee (HPAC)
officers. Both Lieutenant Colonel W and Colonel C were the HPAC
chairmen at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) in
succession roughly between 1978 through 1985. Both letters from
Lieutenant Colonel W state that he was counseled by him regarding
CSC and was advised of the benefits of a USUHS education, including
four years of CSC.
b. Colonel C, Lieutenant Colonel W's immediate successor as
the HPAC chairman, also states in Exhibit AAA, Atch 1:
Let me be clear. As I stated in my last letter, the HPAC
briefing book contained the most recent and accurate data on
USUHS to include pay and allowances, commitment, et cetera, as
provided by the University and USAFA military personnel office.
Using the information contained in the book, Dr. N, like his
1980, 81, 82 and 83 colleagues, was instructed by this office
that upon USUHS graduation, he would be on par with his fellow
USAFA graduates and receive four years' credit for his time in
medical school.
c. Colonel C has repeatedly stated he advised him that he
would receive CSC for time at USUHS. And, while these statements
are disconcerting to the Air Force Personnel Center (AFPC), they
still represent -- as he stated in Exhibit DDD -- the most accurate
reflection of his primary source of information regarding the
benefits of medical training.
d. Applicant further testified he believes that CSC
miscounseling by Colonel C has been used by previous panels as
crucial evidence in granting relief. Furthermore, as the HPAC
chairman, he was the major source of information for him during the
application process. But, as with his other USAFA colleagues, the
same colleagues that have been granted CSC by panels such as this
one, the USUHS staff were also a very important source of
information.
e. His interaction with USUHS authorities did nothing to
clarify the impact of the change in law on CSC. This lack of
clarity by USUHS personnel has not gone unnoticed by OSD General
Counsel and members of Congress.
f. In support of this contention, he read from an e-mail from
Mr. C, OSD General Counsel, addressed to Mr. M, former USUHS
General Counsel, dated 16 September 98. It was during this time,
the Fall of 1998, that three Congressmen, Mr. S, Mr. C, and Mr. S,
had cosponsored House Resolution 2567, titled "A bill to ensure the
equitable treatment of graduates of the Uniformed Services
University of the Health Sciences Class of 1987."
g. The following e-mail communication between Mr. C and Mr. M
addresses the circumstances surrounding the proposed legislation
and states, in part:
Charlie (this is Mr. C speaking), last week I went with Deputy
Under Secretary F to meet with the House National Security
Committee staff and some others regarding the issue of
constructive service credit for the USUHS Class of 87. Two
members attended the meeting. We got creamed on one issue.
The Hill people say this is a case of mismanagement by USUHS,
which created the problem. They say USUHS miscounseled the
students. USUHS officials failed to assure that correct
information was given.
h. It is not surprising then that during his interviews for
the USUHS Class of 1986 and the USUHS Class of 1987 that his USAFA
counseling regarding CSC was affirmed.
i. Also included in Exhibit AAA, Atch 3, is a letter from the
USUHS General Counsel to OSD General Counsel addressing the issue
of CSC as presented during this USUHS interview process.
j. Mr. M states:
Regarding miscounseling of the USUHS Class of 1987, it appears
that the information available in the public domain as well as
the admissions interview information with regard to DOPMA
credits were not correct. The information contained in the
USUHS bulletin and obtained during the admissions interview
incorrectly led interviewees to conclude that they would get
pre-DOPMA benefits. Their own interviewers used the
information contained in the bulletin as the basis for
counseling applicants.
Furthermore, during this era, there was no clear understanding
of the ramifications of the DOPMA legislation. Even the BCMRs
have indirectly affirmed this by awarding CSC to Academy
students, who even with the counseling of military premedical
advisors and USUHS admissions personnel, were not clear on the
impact of the change in the law.
k. Applicant stated that the bottom line is that he heard CSC
at the USAFA and at USUHS. Both being reasonable and primary
sources, whom else should he believe?
l. In reviewing previous Air Force BCMR actions, it is
apparent that regarding the matter of weighing the import of
advisement at USAFA versus the import of advisement at USUHS,
previous panels and "even the Air Force BCMR executive director”
(sic) have appeared to give the greater weight to USAFA counseling.
m. In support, he offers two examples. One, written
communication from the AFPC Actions Branch to the AFBCMR dated
11 February 1993; and two, panel discussions with regard to USAFA
1984 and USAFA 1985 graduates. At the bottom of the AFPC letter
that he cited is a typed memorandum for the record drafted by a
clerk named R at AFPC which reads:
Mr. B from BCMR called 1 February 93 to ask that we change our
recommendation to approve Captain C as he is like P in that he
entered HPSP in 1982 but did not graduate until 87. Mr. B also
asked if we had any Academy grads like B that we recommend
approval.
I went through my BCMR database and came up with nine Academy
grads, contacted Mr. B on 2 February 93 and he asked that we
change our recommendation to approval and send him a list. If
he finds any others, he will call us.
9 February, Mr. B called and asked that we add to the letter
the individuals are USAFA graduates. He also asked that we add
five more names to the letter.
n. This memo specifically mentions Captain B. Dr. B's case is
relevant because it represents the index counseling case at USAFA.
One key point here is that the AFBCMR executive director wanted to
ensure that the AFPC memo demonstrated that the individuals were
USAFA graduates, ostensibly linking them to counseling by Colonel C
and other members at the USAFA.
o. Another key point, this memo also demonstrates a clear
commitment on the part of the executive director to ensure that CSC
is granted to those USAFA graduates who were advised by the
leadership at the Academy, including Colonel C.
3. Turning to question number 2 (i.e., As a result of this
counseling, did he exclude other USAF career opportunities?), the
applicant states:
a. The central issue embodied in this question is could the
absence of correct information regarding CSC after the change in
law materially affect his choice as to career path? If the answer
is yes, then he believes the question is affirmed.
b. He has stated previously that parallel career paths, such
as UPT and AFIT Nuclear Engineering Training, were discounted and
eventually rejected by him because of miscounseling.
Fundamentally, had he been correctly advised of the change in the
law, these options would have been more attractive.
c. UPT was an appealing parallel option as his father was a
USAF fighter pilot and he enjoyed flying. As he has noted in the
proceedings, he had taken steps to ensure that the opportunity for
UPT was still viable. For example, his flying class I physical was
up-to-date and he took Airmanship 441, which is an indoctrination
flight-training course offered to those cadets who place their
names in the selection pool for UPT. However, in fairness, he did
withdraw his name from consideration for UPT based on the relative
attractiveness of other careers; medicine of which is one. More
importantly, though, he received a secondary Air Force career
opportunity after the change in law. As he has stated previously
in Exhibit AAA, Tab 6, he was offered sponsorship in Nuclear
Engineering Training through AFIT in 1982.
d. As one of his undergraduate majors was in engineering
physics, advanced training in nuclear systems was one potential,
natural evolution of his physics background and one that would have
been of clear benefit to the USAF today, particularly in light of
the modern era dirty bomb threat. Had he known that he would be at
a career disadvantage in choosing medicine over nuclear
engineering, his eventual career path would have been materially
affected.
e. The answer to this second question is, as a result of
counseling, he rejected less favorable Air Force career
opportunities.
4. Responding to question three (i.e., Has sufficient BCMR
precedent, to include sister service BCMR action, been established
to grant CSC?), applicant states:
a. Precedent has been established by the AFBCMR in awarding
CSC to those officers who go directly from USAFA to medical school
and those officers who have a field tour between USAFA and then
enter medical school. In addition to this precedent established by
previous Boards, there is precedent for AFBCMR and the ABCMR acting
in concert regarding CSC of the USUHS Class of 1986 and the Class
of 1987.
b. The then ASD for Manpower, the Honorable C, noted in a
letter to the representative assistant secretaries that in view of
the multi-service nature of this problem, their staff should
explore a resolution of the matter that is consistent with the
Department of Defense. Acting in concert, the ABCMR and AFBCMR
granted CSC to similarly-situated members of the entire USUHS Class
of 1986.
c. To date, the Air Force BCMR has granted CSC to five USUHS
Class of 1987 graduates, like himself, an 87 graduate. Similarly,
the ABCMR has granted CSC to 22 USUHS Class of 1987 graduates.
Among them is Dr. St. P, his military Academy peer, in that he
graduated from the US Military Academy in 1980 and as his USUHS
1987 classmate, whose case he has included in Exhibit AAA, Atch 6.
As they are identical in advisement and service academy
commissioning source with entry on active duty at precisely the
same time, it would be an egregious miscarriage of justice to award
him CSC and not consider a similar finding in his case.
d. In addition, as has been noted, precedent was established
by the Army and the Air Force BCMRs in awarding CSC to Army and Air
Force graduates of the Class of 1986. Approving his request would
be consistent with the established precedent of inter-service
equity and justice.
e. Further, acting in concert with the ABCMR in his case
reflects the more recent intent of DOD. Specifically, the Under
Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Personnel, Mr. D, who stated,
"Applicants who are able to make a significant showing under a
standard approach will receive the same relief regardless of the
applicants' branch of service."
Applicant's complete sworn testimony and his responses to the
Board’s questions are contained in the Transcript of Proceedings
(Exhibit EEE).
___________________________________________________________________
ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION:
In response to the Board’s request for clarification concerning the
counseling he provided to the applicant and his statement that the
applicant had to give up opportunities elsewhere [to apply for
medical school] on 30 July 2002, Colonel C states, in part, that
while he cannot remember the exact time, he did review the
advantages of a USUHS education with applicant to include four
years’ credit for time spent in training. Concerning the
opportunities the applicant had to give up to apply for medical
school, Colonel C states in the early fall (roughly September
through October), the applicant had to make a decision to enter or
withdraw from the computerized drawing for UPT base of assignment.
The HPAC selection process began in December - January of the same
year. So, a declaration of intent to apply for medical school and
HPAC sponsorship, by necessity, would mean withdrawal from the UPT
lottery since these dates precluded students from competing in both
categories simultaneously (Attachment FFF).
In another letter, dated 21 October 2002, Lieutenant Colonel W
states, in part, he believes he needs to clarify the timing of the
selection process for first class cadets who were interested in
attending medical school. Applicant was pilot qualified and took
Airmanship 441, Pilot Indoctrination Training, in the summer before
his senior year. As he remembers, the UPT lottery occurred roughly
in October of his senior year. If applicant had competed for a
slot for pilot training, he could not compete for medical school
sponsorship. He did not participate in the UPT lottery and instead
competed for HPAC selection a few weeks later (Exhibit GGG).
___________________________________________________________________
THE BOARD CONCLUDES THAT:
1. The applicant has exhausted all remedies provided by existing
law or regulations.
2. The application was timely filed.
3. After carefully assessing the applicant's sworn testimony, his
responses to our questions, the evidence of record and additional
evidence submitted, the majority of the panel finds that
insufficient relevant evidence has been presented to demonstrate
the existence of a probable error or an injustice warranting
favorable action on the applicant's request. The minority members
of the panel, on the other hand, believe the additional statements
are much stronger than those presented in previously granted cases
and make an even stronger case for granting based on consistency.
The majority disagrees.
4. Applicant contends, in essence, that he was miscounseled by
Colonel C (the former HPAC chairman at the USAFA) that he would
receive CSC for time spent in medical training at USUHS; that as a
result of this counseling, he excluded other USAF career
opportunities; and that there is sufficient BCMR precedent, to
include sister service BCMR action, to grant his request for four
years of CSC for basic pay and retirement. The majority of the
Board panel disagrees.
5. In arriving at our decision, the majority notes that:
a. The Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) was
effective on 15 September 1981. DOPMA repealed the law that had
authorized four years of constructive service credit to medical and
dental officers for computation of basic and retired pay. However,
DOPMA preserved this credit for those officers that were enrolled
in the USUHS or the AFHPSP on 14 September 1981.
b. The applicant graduated from the USAFA on 28 May 1980 and,
because he was not selected for medical school, entered on active
duty in the Regular Air Force as a second lieutenant the same date.
He was subsequently selected to attend USUHS and signed a USUHS
Military Service Obligation Contract on 28 March 1983. This
contract indicated, among other things, that he understood that
service performed while a member of the program is not counted in
computing years of service creditable for basic pay.
c. The applicant resigned his Regular appointment and was re-
appointed into the Reserve of the Air Force as a second lieutenant
on 9 August 1983. He thereafter matriculated into USUHS in the
Fall of 1983 and graduated in 1987. Since he enrolled into the
USUHS after 14 September 1981, he was not eligible for the four
years of constructive service credit for basic and retired pay upon
graduation.
6. Responding to applicant's question number 1 (i.e., Was he
counseled that he would receive CSC for time spent in medical
training at USUHS?), the majority of the panel observes that:
a. There is no dispute the applicant was properly counseled
he would receive the CSC at issue for attending USUHS by Lt Colonel
W, the HPAC Chairman at the USAFA from June 1977 to July 1980,
while he was a cadet at the USAFA. There is also no dispute had he
been able to enroll in USUHS on or before 14 September 1981, he
would have been entitled to the four years of CSC he seeks. The
fact remains, however, he was not selected for USUHS in 1980 and
had to accept an assignment in the line of the Air Force to satisfy
his USAFA ADSC.
b. The pivotal issue in this case, therefore, is, did Lt
Colonel W's successor, Colonel C, continue to advise the applicant
of the benefits of the USUHS program to include service credit
after he departed the USAFA? Applicant asserts that he did.
Nonetheless, as noted by AFPC/JA in an earlier advisory opinion, a
close reading of Colonel C's prior letters of support shows he
never claims unequivocally to have briefed the applicant that he
was entitled to the four years of CSC at issue. What the letters
establish is that Colonel C continued to have contact with
applicant during his line-of-the-Air Force space duty and assisted
him with his medical school applications. Colonel C was not aware
of the DOPMA changes until the Spring of 1985 and, as a result,
would have had no reason to have addressed the subject with the
applicant during this intervening period.
c. During those years, the best Colonel C could say was:
”…he would have briefed the applicant on the information he had
available at the time and it was no different from how he had
previously been counseled by Dr. W; and that, using the information
contained in the briefing book the applicant, like his 80, 81, 82
and 83 colleagues, was instructed by this office that upon USUHS
graduation he would be on par with his fellow USAFA graduates and
receive four years' credit for his time in medical school….”
d. The applicant never mentioned being misled by Colonel C
for well over ten years. To the contrary, he based his original
claim of misleading information about CSC for pay on briefings by
the USUHS registrar and information in the USUHS Bulletin. As an
example, in a letter to the Board, dated 11 December 1986, the
applicant stated: “…My faith in the ‘Great Way of Life’ has been
significantly damaged by the simple fact that I was not allowed to
go to medical school in 1981 and later made significant career
decisions based on erroneous information provided by USUHS.”
e. In his request for reconsideration in 1992, he also made
no mention of being misled by Colonel C. Even when he submitted
his request, via a new DD Form 149 on 7 April 1997, he never
claimed Colonel C miscounseled him.
f. Responding to a request for clarification, Colonel C
finally says while he cannot remember the exact time, he did review
the advantages of a USUHS education with the applicant to include
four years’ credit for time spent in training, i.e., CSC. The
majority does not find this statement sufficiently compelling to
recommend relief. As noted earlier, since Colonel C did not find
out about the change in law until the Spring of 1985, why would he
continue to address the subject? As far as he was concerned
nothing had changed since the applicant received his USUHS
briefings from Lt Colonel W while a cadet at the USAFA.
g. Colonel C also reminded us the applicant had to give up
opportunities elsewhere in the Air Force, like UPT, to be
recommended for medical school. However, this statement was
initially contradicted by Lt Colonel W, who was solely responsible
for counseling the applicant while he was at the Academy. Lt
Colonel W stated, in the Fall of 1979, the applicant successfully
competed for an HPAC recommendation and permission to apply for
USUHS, but was not accepted. Since his desire was to become a
doctor, he waived an opportunity to go to pilot training and was
assigned to a space systems program.
h. In a statement of clarification, Lt Colonel W now
confirms that the applicant had to give up opportunities in order
to compete for HPAC selection. We now find that at best, the
applicant may have been forced to give up an opportunity to
participate in a UPT lottery; an activity or event regarded as
having an outcome depending on fate. Given the ambiguity in the
statements of Colonel C and Lt Colonel W, the majority believes
that, albeit well-intended, their support is motivated more by a
sincere belief that the applicant and the remainder of his
colleagues are victims of institutional inequity as opposed to a
genuine error or injustice. But, as the Board stated earlier, any
relief based on these grounds should be addressed to the Congress.
7. Turning to question 2 (i.e., As a result of this counseling did
he exclude other USAF career opportunities?), since we have not
found an adequate basis to conclude he was miscounseled, the
majority of the panel does not agree that he excluded other USAF
career opportunities based on misinformation. Rather, the majority
believes he voluntarily waived other career opportunities so he
could pursue his ultimate goal of obtaining a medical education
through the USUHS.
8. Responding to question 3 (i.e., Has sufficient BCMR precedent,
to include sister service BCMR action, been established to grant
CSC?), the majority of the panel's answer is no. The majority
notes that:
a. Previous panels of the Board granted four years of CSC to
a number of 1987 – 1989 USUHS/AFHPSP graduates some of whom had
also graduated from the Air Force Academy. The panels’ decisions
were based on clear-cut evidence of miscounseling by responsible
Air Force personnel and an indication that the officers had "burned
their bridges behind them" (e.g., waived UPT, resigned their
Regular Air Force appointments, etc.) at the time they were
presented their official USUHS/AFHPSP contracts.
b. The officers believed their decisions were irrevocable
and argued persuasively that they believed their only viable option
was to attend the government-sponsored medical training
notwithstanding the change in law that discontinued CSC for their
attendance.
c. Granting these cases, in the opinion of the majority of
the panel, is consistent with our statutory mandate to correct
errors and/or injustices. The earlier panels of the Board were
aware that their actions would cause a degree of institutional
inequity and would seem to beg for relief on the grounds of equity.
The panels stated, however, that the plain and unambiguous
language of the applicable law left no doubt the Congress intended
that effective September 15, 1981, graduates of government-
sponsored medical training would no longer be entitled to
constructive service credit for computation of basic and retired
pay. Therefore, the earlier Board panels believed any relief on
the basis of institutional inequity should be addressed to the
Congress in the form of a request for an amendment to the statute.
The majority of this panel agrees and reaffirms the previous
panels' position on the issue of institutional inequity.
9. Lastly, the applicant believes since his case is identical to
the case of Dr. St. P, who received favorable action from the
ABCMR, it would be an egregious miscarriage of justice to award Dr.
St P CSC and not consider a similar finding in the applicant’s
case. The majority of the panel disagrees. Dr. St. P, unlike the
applicant, after being in the Regular Army for a lengthy period,
returned to the United States Military Academy at West Point and
was erroneously briefed along with the other 1983 medical school
candidates. The briefing officials still had access to the
outdated USUHS Bulletin and Dr. St P’s miscounseling was
corroborated by the Military Academy Surgeon. Thus, in view of the
majority of the panel, Dr. St. P's case is clearly distinguishable
from the applicant's and cannot serve as a basis to grant the
relief requested.
10. Our esteemed colleagues in the minority recommend that the
applicant’s request for four years of CSC for his attendance at
USUHS be granted in the interest of fairness and consistency. They
note that, with the exception of three cases, previous panels have
recommended favorable action on all applications submitted by the
applicant’s contemporaries (USAFA graduates); and that these cases
were approved based primarily on miscounseling. They believe that
there was not a consistent requirement to provide evidence of
miscounseling, only an acknowledgement by the Board that there was
much confusion and uncertainty surrounding the dissemination of
information; and that the cases were granted in the interest of
equity and uniformity. Based on the applicant’s testimony and the
additional evidence, the minority members of the panel believe
there is sufficient doubt as to whether proper counseling was
provided in the applicant’s case; and that he may have been
miscounseled, at least, to the same degree as other individuals in
which the Board has granted relief. Lastly, the minority of the
panel members do not believe that the applicant should be held to a
higher standard of proof of miscounseling than were his
contemporaries.
11. Since the applicant changed his contention from miscounseling
by USUHS officials to a USAFA official (Colonel C) ten years after
the fact, an argument could be made that he indeed should be held
to a higher standard of proof of an alleged error or an injustice.
However, in order to dispose of the applicant’s case, we do not
need to hold him to a higher standard - merely the same standard
that his contemporaries who were granted relief were held to; i.e.,
unequivocal evidence of miscounseling by responsible Air Force
Academy personnel. In this respect, we note that:
a. Colonel C, who the applicant belatedly asserts counseled
him incorrectly concerning CSC for attendance at USUHS,
unequivocally stated that he miscounseled the other cadets at the
Academy through the spring of 1985. [Applicant graduated from the
Academy in 1980 and could not have possibly been counseled by
Colonel C during this time frame.] Colonel C’s unambiguous
statement, the fact that the USUHS Brochure available to the cadets
still indicated that graduates of that medical school would be
authorized CSC, the fact that a number of the cadets in the lead
cases had resigned their Regular commissions and accepted Reserve
appointments in anticipation of entering the USUHS, and could not
have been aware of the change in the applicable law until they were
presented with their USUHS contracts, constituted sufficient
grounds for the Board to believe that the cases of the other cadets
briefed by Colonel C should be summarily granted. For example, Dr.
B was one of the lead cases. Based on Colonel C’s erroneous
counseling, this officer resigned his Regular Air Force appointment
on 2 June 1983 and accepted a Reserve appointment while still at
the Academy. The officer was not aware of the change in law until
he received his AFHPSP contract two weeks before entering medical
school in August 1983. The applicant, on the other hand, signed
his USUHS contract on 28 March 1983 which put him on notice that
CSC was no longer authorized. However, he did not resign his
Regular commission and accept a Reserve appointment until August
1983. Since applicant was presumably made aware of the change in
the law by at least the signing of his contract well in advance of
the date he resigned his Regular Air Force commission, the majority
believes it is self-evident receipt of CSC was not the pivotal
issue in his decision to attend the USUHS.
b. Since the circumstances of all of the cadets briefed by
Colonel C through the spring of 1985, with the exception of the
applicant, were virtually identical to Dr B’s, the Air Force agreed
to recommend favorable action in order to expedite processing of
their claims. Since the evidence was clear and convincing that the
cadets had been miscounseled, had resigned their Regular
appointments and had no way of knowing that they were ineligible
for the CSC until after the fact or until presented their
USUHS/AFHPSP contracts for signature, the majority believes that
this was the appropriate thing to do.
12. In summary, the majority members of the panel agree with the
recommendations from AFPC/JA and adopt their rationale, as well as
our own, as the bases for our decision that the applicant has again
failed to sustain his burden of establishing that he has been a
victim of either an error or an injustice. Accordingly, the
majority recommends that his application again be denied.
___________________________________________________________________
RECOMMENDATION OF THE BOARD:
A majority of the panel finds insufficient evidence of error or
injustice and recommends the application be denied.
___________________________________________________________________
The following members of the Board considered AFBCMR Docket Number
86-04015 in a Formal Hearing on 26 June 2002, under the provisions
of AFI 36-2603. In addition, the Board considered the additional
statements submitted by Colonel C and Colonel W in Executive
Session on 24 October 2002.
Mrs. Barbara A. Westgate, Chair
Mr. Thomas S. Markiewicz, Vice Chair
Mr. Charles E. Bennett, Member
Ms. Charlene M. Bradley, Member
Mr. Joseph A. Roj, Member
Mr. Mack M. Burton, Executive Director
Mr. Ralph Prete, Chief Examiner
By a majority vote, the members voted to deny the request.
Mr. Bennett and Ms. Bradley voted to correct the record and
submitted a joint minority report. The following documentary
evidence was considered:
Exhibit AAA. DD Form 149, dated 13 Nov 01, w/atchs.
Exhibit BBB. Addendum to Record of Proceedings, AFBCMR
86-04015, dated 24 Aug 98, w/Exhibits AA thru HH.
Exhibit CCC. Letter, HQ AFPC/JA, dated 7 Mar 02.
Exhibit DDD. Letter from Applicant, dated 3 Apr 02.
Exhibit EEE. Transcript of Proceedings.
Exhibit FFF. Letter from Col C, dated 30 Jul 02.
Exhibit GGG. Letter from Lt Col W, dated 21 Oct 02.
Exhibit HHH. Minority Opinion, dated 17 Oct 02.
BARBARA A. WESTGATE
Chair
MEMORANDUM FOR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, AIR FORCE BOARD
FOR CORRECTION OF MILITARY RECORDS (AFBCMR)
SUBJECT: AFBCMR Application of APPLICANT
I have carefully reviewed the evidence of record and the
recommendation of the Board members. A majority found that the applicant
had not provided sufficient evidence of error or injustice and recommended
the case be denied. I concur with that finding and their conclusion that
relief is not warranted. Accordingly, I accept their recommendation that
the application be denied.
Please advise the applicant accordingly.
JOE G. LINEBERGER
Director
Air Force Review Boards
Agency
However, members of this class, as well as the Classes of 1986 and 1987, received documented miscounseling concerning the DOPMA changes. Notwithstanding the clear and accurate contract applicants signed, the Bulletin’s misinformation, coupled with specific instances of miscounseling by various USUHS and United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) officials, led this Board to grant constructive credit relief en bloc to the Classes of 1985 and 1986 – but not to the Class of 1987. The only...
However, members of this class, as well as the Classes of 1986 and 1987, received documented miscounseling concerning the DOPMA changes. AFPC/JA further states that concerning the first changed factors, as stated above, the Board has granted several USUHS Class of 1987 members constructive credit based on miscounseling/presumptive evidence of miscounseling and/or parity within their peer group. In requesting reconsideration, applicant further contends that despite his evidence that...
AF | BCMR | CY1999 | BC-1997-02571A
However, members of this class, as well as the Classes of 1986 and 1987, received documented miscounseling concerning the DOPMA changes. AFPC/JA further states that concerning the first changed factors, as stated above, the Board has granted several USUHS Class of 1987 members constructive credit based on miscounseling/presumptive evidence of miscounseling and/or parity within their peer group. In requesting reconsideration, applicant further contends that despite his evidence that...
On 7 April 1997, the applicant again requested reconsideration based on the fact that the Board had granted several cases that he believed to be similar to his case (Exhibit CC with Attachments). In their view, the former HPAC chairman’s letter does not contain any evidence or information that was not known and available to the applicant when he filed his original application in 1985. "; the latter applicant.
___________________________________________________________________ APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT: While at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), he was counseled that he would receive four years of constructive service credit upon graduating from USUHS; that he relied on this counseling in making his decision to attend USUHS; and, that had he known of a change in constructive service policy prior to attending medical school, he probably would have foregone this opportunity and remained in...
___________________________________________________________________ APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT: While at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), he was counseled that he would receive four years of constructive service credit upon graduating from USUHS; that he relied on this counseling in making his decision to attend USUHS; and, that had he known of a change in constructive service policy prior to attending medical school, he probably would have foregone this opportunity and remained in...
AF | BCMR | CY1999 | BC-1986-04014
___________________________________________________________________ APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT: While at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), he was counseled that he would receive four years of constructive service credit upon graduating from USUHS; that he relied on this counseling in making his decision to attend USUHS; and, that had he known of a change in constructive service policy prior to attending medical school, he probably would have foregone this opportunity and remained in...
AF | BCMR | CY1999 | BC-1986-04015
___________________________________________________________________ APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT: While at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), he was counseled that he would receive four years of constructive service credit upon graduating from USUHS; that he relied on this counseling in making his decision to attend USUHS; and, that had he known of a change in constructive service policy prior to attending medical school, he probably would have foregone this opportunity and remained in...
___________________________________________________________________ APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT: While at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), he was counseled that he would receive four years of constructive service credit upon graduating from USUHS; that he relied on this counseling in making his decision to attend USUHS; and, that had he known of a change in constructive service policy prior to attending medical school, he probably would have foregone this opportunity and remained in...
APPLICANT CONTENDS THAT: While at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), he was counseled that he would receive four years of constructive service credit upon graduating from USUHS; that he relied on this counseling in making his decision to attend USUHS; and that, had he known of a change in constructive service policy prior to attending medical school, he probably would have foregone this opportunity and remained in the Air Force as a line officer. In an application to the AFBCMR,...